Cisplatin is a platinum-based chemotherapy drug that exists as a yellow crystalline powder.[2] It may also be referred to by its common trade name Neoplatin, or by its chemical name cis-diaminedichloroplatinum (CDDP).[3] There are numerous other synonyms and product names; see HSDB for more information.[3]
Cisplatin has been classified by IARC as Group 2A, probably carcinogenic to humans.[4] In experimental animal studies, cisplatin exposure was associated with leukemia and liver cancer, as well as benign lung tumours (adenoma), skin tumours (papilloma) and kidney tumours (adenoma) in mice and rats.[2,4] In humans, several case-control studies identified increased risks of leukemia with cisplatin treatment in cancer patients.[2] However, the study subjects in most epidemiological studies were exposed to other carcinogenic agents such as radiation and other antineoplastic drugs.[2] Other health effects experienced by patients taking cisplatin may include gastrointestinal problems, kidney damage, neurotoxicity and reproductive problems after long-term use.[3]
Cisplatin has been ranked by CAREX Canada as a Group A (immediate high priority) for occupational settings, targeting people who may be exposed to the drug at work (i.e. nurses and pharmacists), rather than those who are prescribed the drug for therapeutic use. Prioritization for pharmaceuticals was based on the carcinogenicity of the substance – only IARC Group 1 and 2A drugs were considered – and whether the drug is registered for use in .
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